73% of interventions

Definition Advise or agree on how to preserve antibiotics (including skills training)

Example

• Revision of guidelines to recommend penicillins as first-line drugs and discouraged use of other antibiotic classes.

66% of interventions

Definition Present verbal/visual communication from a credible source in favour of antibiotic stewardship. Credible sources can be:

• clinical evidence
• a recognised health body (eg WHO, NICE)
• a senior team member or designated champion with specialist knowledge or training

Example

• Feedback to prescribers by an antimicrobial pharmacist or an infectious disease physician

61% of interventions

Definition Change/advise to change the physical environment in order to facilitate antibiotic stewardship (may include BCT 12.5 'Adding objects to environment').

Examples

• Redesigning microbiology test order forms and reports to increase microbial sampling and provide faster results
• Redesigning e-prescribing systems to stop all prescriptions at 48 hours, forcing clinicians to review/extend antibiotics in the first two days.

38% of interventions

Definition Add objects to the environment in order to facilitate antibiotic stewardship

Examples

• Adding a new antibiotic to a formulary
• Introducing new point of care diagnostics machines

37% of interventions

Definition Change, or advise to change the social environment in order to facilitate facilitate antibiotic stewardship behavior or create barriers to poor use of antibiotics

Example

• Microbiologists provide a telephone support service